civilengineering4u

 

ADVANCED SURVEYING

1. If the equatorial distance between two meridians is 100 km, their distance at 60^o latitude will be

• 1000 km

• 600 km

• 800 km

• 500 km (Ans)

• 400 km

  2. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. In a spherical triangle

• every angle is less than two right angles

• sum of the three angles is equal to two right angles (Ans)

• sum of the three angleless than six right angles and greater than two right angles

• if the sum of any two sides is ꙥ, the sum of the angles opposite them is also ꙥ

• sum of any two sides is greater than the third.

  3. According to Napier’s Rules of circular parts for a right angled triangle, sine of middle part equals the product of

• tangents of two adjacent parts

• sines of two adjacent parts

• cosines of two adjacent parts

• cosines of two opposite parts

• both (a) and (b) above (Ans)

  4. In a spherical triangle ABC ,right angled at C, sin b equals

• sin a cos A

• cos a sin A

• tan a cot A (Ans)

• cot A tan a

• none of these

  5. In a spherical triangle ABC ,right angled at C, sin b equals to

• sin c sin B (Ans)

• cos a cos B

• tan c tan B (Ans)

• sin c cos B

• cos c sin B

  6. If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is

• ꙥR²E/ 90^o

• ꙥR²E/ 180^o (Ans)

• ꙥR²E/ 270^o

• ꙥR²E/ 360^o

  7.If S is the sum of three angles of a spherical triangle, the spherical excess equals

• S – 90^o

• S – 180^o (Ans)

• S – 270^o

• S – 360^o

8. The greate circule whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the earth, is called

• equator

• terrestrial equator

• 0^o latitude
• all the above (Ans9. The meridian of a place is

• a great circle passing through the place and the poles
• a great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
• a semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles (Ans)
• an arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator10. Latitude of a place is the angular distance from
• Greenwich to the place
• equator to the poles
• equator to the nearer pole
• equator to the nearer pole along the meridian of the place
• none of these (Ans)11. Longitude of a place is the angular distance between the meridian of the place and
• the standard meridian
• the international date line
• that of Greenwich
• both (a) and (c) of above (Ans)12. Longitude are measured from 0^o to
• 180^o eastward
• 180^o westward
• 180^o east or westward (Ans)
• 360^o eastward
• 360^o westward13. International dateline is located along
• standard meridian
• Greenwich meridian
• equator
• 180^o longitude (Ans)
• none of these14. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following
• latitudes north of the equator are taken as positive
• latitudes south of the equator are taken as negative
• longitudes east of Greenwich are taken as negative (Ans)
• longitudes west of Greenwich are taken as positive
• both (a) and (d) of the above15. Places having same latitude
• lie on the parallel of the latitude
• are equidistant from the nearer pole
• are equidistant from both the poles
• are equidistant from the equator
• all the above (Ans)16. The length of a parallel of λ latitude between two meridians is equal to difference in longitudes multiplied by
• sin λ
• cos λ (Ans)
• tan λ
• cot λ17. Pick up the correct statement from the following
• one degree of longitude has greatest value at the equator (Ans)
• one degree of longitude has greatest value at the poles
• one degree of latitude decreases from the equator to the poles
• one degree of latitude has greatest value at the poles18. A nautical mile is
• one minute arc of the great circle passing through two points
• one minute arc of the longitude
• 6080 ft
• 1855.109 m
• all the above (Ans)19. The longitudes of two places at latitude 60^o N are 93^o

E and 97^o w. Their departure is

• 5100 nautical miles
• 5700 neutical miles (Ans)
• 120 neutical miles
• 500 neutical miles
• none of these20. Pick up the correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitudes of the places is obtained
• by subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere
• by adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
• by subtracting the sum of their longitudes exceeding 180^o from 360^o if places are in different hemispheres (Ans)
• all the above 21. The shortest distance between two places measured along the surface of the earth , is
• length of the equator between their longitudes
• length of the parallel between their longitudes
• length of the arc of the great circle passing through them (Ans)
• none of these22. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
• centre of the celestial sphere is taken as the position of the observer
• centre of the celestial sphere is taken as the centre of the earth
• stars move and maintain their relative positions
• celestial bodies through fixed, appear to revolve from east to west round the celestial pole.
• All the above (Ans)23. The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere
• east of observer
• west of observer
• north of observer
• south of observer (Ans)
• above the observer.24. The point on the celestial sphere vertically below the observer’s position, is called
• zenith
• celestial point
• nadir (Ans)
• pole25. The plane at right angle to the zenith nador line and passing through the centre of the earth, is called
• rational horizon
• true horizon
• celestial horizon
• all the above (Ans)26. The circle in which a plane tangent to the earth’s surface at the point of observation, intersects the celestial sphere, is called
• visible horizon
• sensible horizon (Ans)
• celestial horizon
• true horizon
• none of the above 27. Pick up the correct statement from the following :
• north end of the polar axis is known as north pole
• south end of the polar axis is known as south pole
• point where polar axis when produced northward intersects the celestial sphere, is known as north celestial pole
• point where polar axis when produced southward intersects the celestial sphere, is known as south celestial pole
• all the above (Ans)28. The great circle along which the sum appears to trace on the celestial sphere with earth as centre during the year, is called
• equator
• celestial equator
• ecliptic (Ans)
• none of these29. The angle between the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic, is known as obliquity of the ecliptic and its value is
• 22^o30′
• 23^o27′ (Ans)
• 23^o30′
• 24^o0′30. At the first point of Aeries, the sun moves
• northward
• southward
• from south to north of the equator (Ans)
• from north to south of the equator31. The point at which sun’ s declination changes from north to south, is known as
• first point of Aeries
• first point of Libra
• vernal equinox
• autumnal equinox
• both (b) and (d) of the above (Ans)32. The position of the sun when its north declination is maximum is known as
• venal equinox
• autumnal equinox
• summer solstice (Ans)
• winter solstice33. The declination and right ascension of the sun are each equal to zero on
• March 21 (Ans)
• June 21
• September 21
• December 2234. The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23^o27′ N and 90^o respectively on
• March 21
• June 21 (Ans)
• September 21
• December 2235. The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23^o27′ N and 270^o respectively on
• March 21
• June 21
• September 21
• December 22 (Ans)36. The sun’s declination remains north between
• March 21 to June 21
• June 21 to September 21
• September 21 to December 21
• December 21 to March 21
• both (a) and (b) of above (Ans)37. The great circle which passes through the zenith, nadir and the poles, is known as
• meridian (Ans)
• vertical circle
• prime vertical
• none of these38. The prime vertical passes through
• the east point of the horizon
• the west point of the horizon
• the zenith point of the obsever
• the nadir point of horizon
• all the above (Ans)39. The latitude of the observer’s position, is
• elevation of the elevated pole
• declination of the observer’s zenith
• angular distance along the observer’s meridian between equator and the observer
• north or south according as the observer is north of equator or south of equator
• all the above (Ans)40. The altitude of a heavenly body is its angular distance, measured on the vertical circle passing through the body, above
• equator
• horizon (Ans)
• pole
• none of these41. The angular distance of a heavenly body from the equator, measured along its meridian, is called
• declination (Ans)
• altitude
• zenith distance
• co-latitude42. The angle between the observer’s meridian and declination circle of a heavenly body, is known as
• hour angle (Ans)
• right ascension
• declination
• azimuth43. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. The angular distance of heavenly bodies on observer’s meridian measured from the pole, is
• co-declination (Ans)
• co-altitude
• co-latitude
• polar distance
• none of these44. Right ascension of a heavenly body is its equatorial angular distance measured
• westward from the first point of Libra
• eastward from the first point of Aeries (Ans)
• westward from the first point of Aeries
• eastward from the first point of Libra45. Latitude of the observer’s position is equal to altitude of
• north pole
• pole star
• celestial pole (Ans)
• all the above46. The position of a heavenly body on the celestial sphere can be completely specified by
• its altitude and azimuth
• its declination and hour angle
• its declination and right ascension
• all the above (Ans)47. The most convenient co-ordinate system for specifying the relative positions of heavenly bodies on the celestial sphere, is
• altitude and azimuth system
• declination and hour angle system
• declination and right ascension system (Ans)
• declination and altitude system
• azimuth and declination system48. Circumpolar stars
• rotate round the north pole
• rotate round the celestial pole
• remain always above the horizon (Ans)
• are seldom seen near the pole star
• none of these49. For any star to be a circumpolar star, its
• declination must be 0^o
• declination must be 90^o
• distance from the poe must be less than the latitude of the observer (Ans)
• hour angle must be 180^o50. The altitude of a circumpolar star is maximum when it is
• at east elongation
• at upper culmination (Ans)
• at west elongation
• at lower culmination51. If θ and δ be the latitude of an observer and declination of a heavenly body respectively, the upper culmination of the body will be south of zenith if its zenith distance, is
• δ – θ (Ans)
• θ – δ
• θ + δ
• θ + δ/252. A star may culminate at zenith if its declination is
• greater than the longitude of the place
• less than the latitude of the place
• equal to the latitude of the place (Ans)
• none of these53. If a star whose declination is 60^o N culminates at zenith, its altitude at the lower culmination, is
• 10^o
• 20^o
• 30^o (Ans)
• 40^o
• 60^o54. the altitudes of a circumpolar star at culminations are 70^o and 10^o , both culminations being north of zenith. The latitude of the place,is
• 80^o
• 70^o
• 60^o
• 50^o
• 40^o (Ans)55. In Q.NO.54, declination of the star, is
• 80^o
• 70^o
• 60^o (Ans)
• 50^o
• 40^o56. The polaris remains below horizon at
• 10^o N
• 50^o N latitude
• equator
• 5^o S latitude (Ans)57. The sidereal day is the time interval between two successive upper transits of
• mean sun
• first point of Aries (Ans)
• first point of Libra
• the polar star
• moon58. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
• sidereal time at any instant is equal to the hour angle of the first point of Aries
• local sidereal time of any place is equal to the right ascension of its meridian
• sidereal time is equal to the right ascension of a star at its upper transit
• all the above (Ans)59. Equation of time which is the difference between apparent solar time and mean solar time at any instant, vanishes during one year
• once
• twice
• thrice
• four times (Ans)
• five times60. The true and mean suns occupy the same meridian at the same time on
• April 15
• June 14
• September 1
• December 25
• all the above (Ans) 61. The difference in longitude of two places expressed in time is equal to the difference in their
• sidereal time
• apparent solar time
• mean solar time
• all the above (Ans)62. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
• apparent solar time is measured from the lower transit of the true sun
• mean solar time is measured from the lower transit of the mean sun
• sidereal time is measured from the upper transit of the first point of Aries (Ans)63. The hour angle of the heavenly body for Greenwich meridian equals the hour angle of the body for any other meridian + longitude:
• mean sun
• true sun
• vernal equinox
• star
• all the above (Ans)64. With standard meridian as 82^o30′ E the standard time at longitude 90^o E is 8 h 30 m. The local mean time at the place will be
• 7 h 00 m
• 7 h 30 m
• 8 h 00 m
• 8 h 30 m
• 9 h 00 m (Ans)65. G.M.T. Corresponding to given mean time, equals
• L.M.T. – East longitude in time (Ans)
• L.M.T. + East longitude in time
• L.M.T. – West longitude in time
• none of these66. In a tropical year, the number of sidereal days, are
• 365
• 365.2224
• 365.2422
• 366.2422 (Ans)
• 366.222467. In a tropical year, the number of sidereal days, are
• one less than mean solar days
• one more than mean solar days (Ans)
• equal to mean solar days
• none of these 68. At eastern elongation, the pole star moves
• eastward
• westward
• northward (Ans)
• southward69. At western elongation, the pole star moves
• eastward
• westward
• northward
• southward (Ans)70. At upper culmination, the pole star moves
• eastward
• westward (Ans)
• northward
• southward71. At lower culmination, the pole star moves
• eastward (Ans)
• westward
• northward
• southward 72. If a is the observed altitude, the refraction correction in seconds, is
• 58” cot a (Ans)
• 58” tan a
• 58” sin a
• 58” cos a 73. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
• refraction correction is zero when the celestial body is in the zenith
• refraction correction is 33′ when the celestial body is on the horizon
• refraction correction of celestial bodies depends upon their altitudes
• all the above (Ans)74. The correction for parallax, is
• – 8”.8 cos a
• + .8” sin a
• + 8” .8 cos a (Ans)
• – 8” .8 cos a75. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
• correction for refraction is always negative
• correction for parallax is always positive
• correction for semi-diameter is always negative (Ans)
• correction for dip is always negative
• none of these76. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
• ursa minor’s remains always north of pole star
• polar star remains always north of polaris
• polaris remains always north of ursa minor’s
• ursa minor’s pole star and polaris are the names of the same star (Ans)77. The polaris describes a small circle round the pole whose radius is approximately
• 1^o (Ans)
• 2^o
• 3^o
• 4^o78. If the altitudes of a star at its upper and lower transits are 60^o30′ and 19^o30′ respectively, the latitude of the place, is
• 30^o
• 35^o
• 40^o (Ans)
• 45^o 79. The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the zenith distance of a star from its declination, the observed star was between
• horizon and equator
• equator and zenith
• zenith and pole
• pole and horizon (Ans)80. The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the declination of a star from its zenith distance, the observed star was between
• horizon and equator (Ans)
• equator and zenith
• zenith and pole
• pole and horizon81. Polaris is usually observed for the determination of the latitude when it is
• at culmination (Ans)
• at elongation
• neither at cilmination nor at elongation
• either at cilmination or at elongation82. Polaris is usually observed for the determination of the azimuth when it is
• at culmination
• at elongation (Ans)
• neither at cilmination nor at elongation
• either at cilmination or at elongation83. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. High oblique photographs
• may have tilt up to 30^o
• may include the image of the horizon
• may not include the image of the horizon
• none of these (Ans)84. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following
• Aerial photographs may be either vertical or oblique
• vertical photographs are taken with the axis of camera pointing vertically downward
• vertical photographs are used for most accurate maps
• on oblique photographs, scale variation is larger as compared to that of vertical photographs
• all the above (Ans)85. The point where a vertical line through the optical centre of the camera lens intersects the ground, is known as
• ground principle point
• ground plumb point (Ans)
• iso-centre
• perspective centre86. The foot of the perpendicular on the picture plane through the optical centre of the camera lens, is known as
• isocentre
• principle point (Ans)
• perspective centre
• plumb line87. The point on the photograph where bisector between the vertical line through optical centre of the camera lens and the plate perpendicular meets, is known as
• isocentre (Ans)
• principle point
• perspective centre
• plumb point88. Homologous point is
• ground isocentre
• photo principle point
• ground principle point
• all the above (Ans)89. If f is the focal length of the camera lens and θ is the angle of tilt, the distance of the plumb point from the principle point will be
• f sin θ
• f cos θ
• f tan θ (Ans)
• f sec θ90. The ratio of distances of the plumb point and isocentre from the principle point of a vertical photograph, is
• 1
• 2 (Ans)
• 3
• 1/2
• 1/291. From the principle point the horizon point lies on the principal line at a distance of
• f sin θ
• f cos θ
• f tan θ (Ans)
• f cot θ92. The product of the distances of plumb point and horizon point of a vertical photograph from its principal point, is
• f² (Ans)
• 2f²
• 3f²
• 1/2f²
• 1/3f²93. the height displacement on a vertical photograph
• increases as the horizontal distance increases from the principal point
• increases as the ground elevation increases
• decreases as the flying height increases
• all the above (Ans)94. On vertical photographs, height displacement is
• positive for points above datum
• negative for points below datum
• zero for points vertically below the air station
• all the above (Ans)95. If the image of a triangulation station of R.L.500 m is 4 cm from the principal point of a vertical photo taken from an altitude of 2000 m, above datum, the height displacement will be
• 2 mm
• 4 mm
• 6 mm
• 8 mm
• 10 mm (Ans)96. The relation between the air base(B), photographic base(b), flying height (H) and the focal length(f) of a vertical photograph, is
• B = bH/f (Ans)
• B = f/bH
• B = b/fH
• B = H/bf97. The normal longitudinal overlap is generally kept
• 50 %
• 60 % (Ans)
• 70 %
• 75 %98. The net ground area of a vertical photograph 20cm * 20cm on scale 1 : 10000 having overlaps 60 % and 30 %, is
• 0.50 sq km
• 0.56 sq km
• 0.60 sq km
• 0.64 sq km (Ans)99. If 16 flight lines are run perpendicular to an area 30 km wide, their spacings on a photographical map on scale 1:50000, will be
• 1 cm
• 2 cm
• 3 cm
• 4 cm (Ans)
• 5 cm100. The maximum error in radial line assumption, is
• (h/H)f tan θ (Ans)
• (h/H)f² tan θ
• (h/H)f² sin θ
• (h/H)f cos θ101. If the general ground level of any area is 10 % of the flying height, the principal points may be used as the centres of radial directions for small scale mapping even in tilted photograph upto
• 1^o
• 2^o
• 3^o (Ans)
• 4^o102. In a truely vertical photograph
• principal point coincides the isocentre
• iso-centre coincides the plumb point
• plumb point coincides the principal point
• principal point, iso-centre and plumb point coincide
• all the above (Ans)103. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following :
• in truely vertical photographs without relief angles are true at the plumb point
• in tilted photographs without relief, angles are true at the iso-centre
• in tilted photographs with relief, angles are true at the principal point (Ans)
• none of these104. The distance between the minor control point and the principal point should be equal to
• base line of the left photograph of stereopair
• base line of the right photograph of stereopair
• sum of the base line of stereo pair
• mean of the base lines of the stereo pair (Ans)105. The slotted template method
• is prepared, by graphical method
• is suitable for large areas with less control
• is rapid and accurate
• may be done on any scale
• all the above (Ans)106. Parallax bar measures
• parallax
• height
• parallax difference (Ans)
• height difference107. The difference of height of two points whose parallax difference is 0.8 mm on a pair of stereo pair taken from a height H is 100 m. If mean photo base is 95.2 mm, the flying height is
• 8000 m
• 10000 m
• 12000 (Ans)
• 14000 m108. The stereo plotting instruments are generally manufactured on the principle of
• optical projection
• optical mechanism projection
• mechanical projection
• all the above (Ans)109. α and β are the angles subtended by a point of elevation h at their air station with respective plumb points. Photo scale and focal length of the lens being S and f respectively. Parallax displacement of the point due to relief, is
• h tan α/S
• h tan β/S
• h(tan α + tan β)/S (Ans)
• h(tan α – tan β)/S110. The displacement of the pictured position of a point of h elevation on a vertical photograph taken with a camera of 30 cm focal length, from an altitude of 3000 m, is
• 4.4 mm
• 5.5 mm
• 6.5 mm
• 7.5 mm (Ans)
• 10 mm111. Rotation of the camera at exposure about its vertical axis, is known as
• swing (Ans)
• tilt
• tip
• none of these112. Rotation of the camera at exposure about horizontal axis normal to the line of flight, is known as
• swing
• tilt
• tip (Ans)
• none of these113. Rotation of the camera at exposure about the line of flight, is known as
• swing
• tilt (Ans)
• tip
• none of these114. The rate of change of parallax dp/dh with respect to change in h, may be expressed as
• fB(H-h)
• fB(H-h)² (Ans)
• fB(H+h)
• fB(H+h)²115. The difference of parallax for a given difference in elevation is independent of
• focal length of the camera
• overall size of the photo graphs
• percentage of overlap
• all the above (Ans)116. The parallax equation Δp = (BmΔh/H-h) is applicable to entire overlap of the photographs only if parallax is measured
• normal to base line
• parallel to base line (Ans)
• both (a) and(b)
• neither (a) nor (b)117. Assuming human normal vision distance 25 cm, smallest measurable angle 20”, and introcular distance 6.5 cm, the smallest depth to be discerned is
• 0.1 mm (Ans)
• 0.5 mm
• 1.00 mm
• 1.1 mm118. To obtained photographs of an area of 1000 m average elevation, on scale 1:30000, with a camera of 30 cm focal length, the flying height is
• 4000 m
• 5000 m
• 6000 m(Ans)
• 7000 m119. Homologous points are
• opposite corners of a photograph
• nodal points of the camera lens
• corresponding points on the ground and photograph (Ans)
• plumb points of stereo pair of photographs120. The following points form a pair of homologous points:
• photo principal point and ground principal point
• photo isocentre and ground isocentre
• photo plumb point and ground plumb point
• all the above (Ans)121. A plate parallel is the line on the plane of the negative
• parallel to the principal line
• perpendicular to the principal line (Ans)
• along the bisector of the angle between the principal line and a perpendicular line through principal plane
• none of these122. For plane ground the scale of a vertical photograph will be same as that of a tiled photograph along the photo parallel through
• isocentre (Ans)
• plumb point
• principal point
• none of these123. If v,t and f/H are the ground speed of the aircraft, the shutter speed of the camera and the scale of the photograph respectively, then the amount of image displacement
• i = v.t.H/f
• i = v.f/t.H (Ans)
• i = v.t (f/H)
• i = tH/v.f124. the parallax of a point on the photograph is due to
• ground elevation
• flying height
• length of air base
• focal length of the camera
• all the above (Ans)125. The want of correspondence in stereo photographs
• is a good property
• is a function of tilt (Ans)
• is not affected by the change of flying height between photographs
• is minimum when θ is 3^o126. 23cm * 23cm photographs are taken from a flying height with a camera of focal length of 3600 m and 15.23 cm respectively. A parallax difference of 0.01 mm represents
• 1 m (Ans)
• 2 m
• 3 m
• 4 m
• 5 m127. The rotation of aircraft about the line of flight, is designated by the letter
• ω, and is simetimes called ‘roll’ (Ans)
• φ, and is simetimes called ‘pitch’
• χ, and is simetimes called ‘swing’
• none of these128. The rotation of aircraft about Z-axis, is designated by the letter
• ω, and is simetimes called ‘roll’
• φ, and is simetimes called ‘pitch’
• χ, and is simetimes called ‘swing’ (Ans)
• none of these129. The rotation of aircraft about Y-axis, is designated by the letter
• ω, and is simetimes called ‘roll’
• φ, and is simetimes called ‘pitch’ (Ans)
• χ, and is simetimes called ‘swing’
• none of these130. If the distance between the projectors is altered by a movement along X-axis of one projector,
• the length of the air base is increased
• the scale of the model is altered
• y-parallax is not affected
• relative orientation is not affected
• all the above (Ans)131. By raising the z-column of right projector, maximum y-parallax is introduced in the model at
• position 1
• position 2
• position 4
• position 6
• position 4 and 6 (Ans)132. By applying clockwise swing to right projector, maximum y-parallax is introduced in the model at
• position 1 (Ans)
• position 2
• position 4
• position 6133. The movement of the projector in y-direction, introduces i the model a y-parallax
• maximum at position 1
• maximum at position 2
• maximum at position 5 and 6
• maximum at position 3 and 4
• equally throughout the model (Ans)134. The method of surveying by triangulation was first introduced by the Dutchman Snell in
• 1600
• 1615 (Ans)
• 1630
• 1650
• 1680135. In triangulation surveys
• the area is divided into triangular figures
• control stations are located from which detailed surveys are carried out
• sides are not measured excepting the baseline
• angular measurements are only resorted to
• all the above (Ans)136. Triangulation surveys
• planimetric control
• height control
• both planimetric and height control (Ans)
• none of these137. Triangulation surveys are carried out for locating
• control points for surveys of large areas
• control points for photogrammetric surveys
• engineering works, i.e. Terminal poibts of long tunnels, bridge abutments, etc.
• All the above (Ans)138. Invar tapes used for measuring base lines, is made of nickel-iron alloy containing nickel
• 24 %
• 36 % (Ans)
• 40 %
• 60 %139. Limiting gradient for locating the base line on evenly-sloping ground, is
• 1 in 12 (Ans)
• 1 in 10
• 1 in 8
• 1 in 6140. The correction applied to the measured base of length L is
• tension = (P – P_S)L/AE
• sag = (L³w²/24P²) where w is the weight of tape/m
• slope = (h²/2L + h⁴/8L³ ) where h is height difference of end supports
• reduction to mean sea level = Lh/R
• all the above (Ans)141. The negative sign is assigned to
• reduction to mean sea level
• correction for horizontal alignment
• correction for slope
• correction for slope
• all the above (Ans)142. The station where observations are not made, but the angles at the station are used in triangulation series, is known as
• satellite station
• subsidiary station
• pivot station (Ans)
• main station143. The station which is selected close to the main triangulation station, to avoid intervening obstruction, is not known as
• satellite station
• eccentric station
• false station
• pivot station (Ans)144. Systematic errors
• always follow some definite mathematical law
• can be removed by applying corrections to the observed values
• either make the result too great or too small
• are also known as cumulative errors
• all the above (Ans)145. accidental errors
• do not follow any definite mathemetical law
• cannot be removed by applying corrections to the observed values
• are generally small
• are also known as compensating errors
• all the above (Ans)146. The equation which is obtained by multiplying each equation by the coefficient of its unknowns and by adding the equations thus formed, is known as
• observation equation
• conditional equation
• normal equation (Ans)
• none of these147. In observations of equal precision, the most probable values of the observed quantities are those that render the sum of the squares of the residual errors a minimum, is the fundamental principle of
• gauss’ mid latitude formula
• delamber’s method
• legendr’s method
• least square method (Ans)148. The moon rotates round the earth once in every
• 29 days
• 29.35 days (Ans)
• 29.53 days
• 30 days149. The time interval between successive transits of the moon, is
• 24 hours 10 minutes
• 20 hours 25 minutes
• 24 hours 50 minutes (Ans)
• 23 hours 50 minutes
• 23 hours 25 minutes 150. The solar tidal force divided by lunar tidal force is
• 1/3
• 1/2 (Ans)
• 3/4
• 5/4151. Spring tides are caused when
• sun and moon are in line with earth
• solar tidal force acts opposite to lunar tidal force
• solar tidal force and lunar tidal force both coincide (Ans)
• nine of these152. the station pointer is generally used in
• triangulation surveying
• astronomical surveying
• hydrographical surveying (Ans)
• photogrammetric surveying153. An aerial photograph may be assumed as
• parallel projection
• orthogonal projection
• central projection (Ans)
• none of these154. perspective centre relates to
• parallel projection
• orthogonal projection
• central projection (Ans)
• none of these155. The point where vertical line passing through the perspective centre intersects the plane of the photograph, is known as
• photo plumb point (Ans)
• plumb point
• nadir point
• isocentre
• none of these156. The orthogonal projection of the perspective centre on a tilted photograph, is called
• nadir
• isocentre
• principal point (Ans)
• plumb point157. The distance between the projection centre and the photograph, is called
• principal distance (Ans)
• principal line
• isocentre distance
• focal length158. The principal line is the line joining the principal point and
• nadir
• isocentre (Ans)
• perspective centre
• none of these159. The principal plane contains
• nadir point
• isocentre
• principal point
• principal axis and principal line
• all the above (Ans)160. To have greatest coverage of the area, the type of photography used, is
• high oblique (Ans)
• low oblique
• vertical
• none of these161. The coverage is least if photography is
• high oblique
• low oblique
• vertical (Ans)
• none of these162. H is the flying height above mean ground level and f is the principal distance of a vertical photograph. The mean scale of the photographs is
• H.f (Ans)
• H/f
• f/H
• H + f
• none of these163. The scale of the photography taken from a height of 300 m, with a camera of focal length 15cm, is
• 1:10000
• 1:15000
• 1:20000 (Ans)
• 1:30000164. The flying height of the camera is 1000 m above mean ground level, the distance of the top of a minar from a nadir point is 10 cm and the relief displacement of minar is 7.2 mm. The height of the minar, is
• 52 m
• 62 m
• 72 m (Ans)
• 82 m165. The relief displacement of minar 72 m high on photograph is 7.2 mm and its top appears 10cm away from principal point. The flying height of the camera, is
• 500 m
• 1000 m (Ans)
• 1500 m
• 2000 m166. The average eye base is assumed as
• 58 mm
• 60 mm
• 62 mm
• 64 mm
• 72 mm (Ans)167. In field astronomy, the quantities observed are entirely
• lengths
• angles (Ans)
• heights
• all of these168. The main object of the astronomer to obtain
• astronomical latitude
• astronomical longitude
• astronomical bearing
• all of these (Ans)169. The nautical mile is the length of
• 1 minute of latitude
• 1 minute of longitude (Ans)
• 1 degree of latitude
• 1 degree of longitude170. If two points differing by 1^o of latitude and of the same longitude is 110 km apart on the earth, then two astronomical positions on the moon is about
• 10 km
• 25 km
• 30 km (Ans)
• 50 km171. Stellar astronomy deals with
• plane surveying
• geodetic surveying
• star observations (Ans)
• planet observations172. The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the directions to it from two diametrically opposites points on the earth deffers less than
• 0.01 second
• 0.001 second
• 0.0001 second (Ans)
• none of these173. A star in northern sphere is said to transit
• when its altitude is maximum
• when its azimuth is 180^o
• when it is in south
• all the above (Ans)174. The angle between the axis of earth and the vertical at the station of observation is called
• astronomical latitude
• astronomical co-latitude (Ans)
• co-declination of star
• declination of star175. The angle between the direction of star and the direction of earth’s axis of rotation is called
• co-declination (Ans)
• co-latitude
• declination
• latitude176. When a star transits at the zenith
• the astronomical triangle becomes of the largest area
• the astronomical triangle reduces to an arc joining the pole and the zenith
• the angle of elevation of the star is 90^o
• all the above (Ans)